1．Cov pa phem thiab qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv smelting thiab casting
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm smelting thiab casting txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig yog feem ntau xav txog nyob rau hauv cov pa phem ntawm industrial khib nyiab roj. Cov pa phem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem yog: flue gas, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), aluminium compounds (Al2O3), ntau lawm plua plav thiab HCI thiab ib qho me me ntawm Cl2, lwm.
Lub ntsiab pa phem ntawm combustion pov tseg gas emitted los ntawm txhuas melting furnaces yog flue gas, SO2, thiab NOx. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem ntawm ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv, nplawm, thiab slagging thaum lub sij hawm smelting, hmoov av xws li ntau lawm aluminium compounds (Al2O3) kuj tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm crushing, tshuaj ntsuam, thiab melting txheej txheem ntawm lub npog tus neeg saib xyuas, zoo li lub reverberatory rauv, nws kuj emits ntau lawm plua plav thiab combustion pov tseg gas. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pov tseg tertiary (aluminium scraps) uas muaj ntau yam roj, emulsions, graphite thiab lwm yam kuab paug siab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa phem xws li pa luam yeeb, SO.2, TSISx, thiab lwm yam hauv kev lag luam pov tseg roj emitted los ntawm aluminium melting rauv nce instantly, aggravating cov pa phem ntawm atmospheric ib puag ncig.
Thaum lub sij hawm refining txheej txheem, vim oxidation ntawm txhuas nto thiab siv cov khoom flux, lub qhov cub qhov rooj intermittently emits txhuas compound hmoov av, HCI thiab ib tug me me ntawm Cl.2.
Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem aluminium alloy casting, cov dej txias tshuab siv yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov txias txias. Vim yog kev siv mus ntev, cov dej no muaj qee yam impurities thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem, uas yuav ua rau qee yam paug rau cov dej ib puag ncig thaum tso tawm tsis tu ncua.
2. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem nyob rau hauv phaj thiab strip dov
① Milling nto lubricationLub lubricant rau milling nto yog feem ntau emulsion, nrog ib tug concentration ntawm 2% ~ 10%. Cov emulsion yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg thiab tawm tom qab lub sijhawm rov ua dua. Cov khib nyiab emulsion yog cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab yuav ua rau ib puag ncig.
②Etching thiab ntxuavCov txheej txheem ingot etching thiab ntxuav feem ntau yog degreased nrog 10% ~ 20% N2OH tov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60 ~ 80 degree, yaug nrog dej txias, neutralized nrog 20% ~ 30% nitric acid tov, thiab thaum kawg yaug nrog dej kub. Tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej khib nyiab uas tsim tawm hauv cov txheej txheem etching thiab ntxuav feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6 thiab 8. Txawm li cas los xij, kua qaub thiab alkali pov tseg cov kua yuav tawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali pos huab thaum siv, ua rau qee qhov ua paug rau huab cua ib puag ncig, thiab yuav muab pov tseg. tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv (kwv yees li 6 lub hlis) vim muaj impurity ntau dhau. Cov kua qaub thiab alkali pov tseg yog cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij, thiab kev tso tawm ncaj qha muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov dej hauv ib puag ncig thiab cov kav dej.
③Kub dovLub tshuab ua kom txias txias tshaj plaws yog emulsion, nrog rau qhov siab ntawm 2% ~ 8% thiab lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm 3 ~ 6 lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm dov, lub emulsion ntsib high-temperature ingots thiab rollers, uas yuav tsim cov roj pos huab loj thiab fume, uas yuav ua rau tej yam ua paug rau cov huab cua. Cov emulsion tau muab pov tseg tom qab lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab, thiab kev tso tawm ncaj qha yuav ua rau cov dej nyob ib puag ncig.
④Txias dovFeem ntau siv cov roj nplua nyeem txias yog sib xyaw ntawm cov roj hauv paus thiab 1% ~ 10% additives. Lub hauv paus roj yog tsim los ntawm saturated hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons thiab ib tug me me ntawm olefins. Cov additives feem ntau yog cov hlua ntev fatty acids, rog, thiab cawv. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov roj pos huab thiab fume (feem ntau yog cov khoom ntawm kerosene volatilization) yuav raug generated thaum lub sij hawm txias dov, uas yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug rau huab cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj dov yog muab pov tseg tom qab siv qee lub sijhawm. Cov roj pov tseg yog cov khib nyiab pov tseg, thiab kev tso tawm ncaj qha kuj ua rau muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig.
⑤Annealing thiab quenchingTam sim no, hluav taws xob furnaces yog siv rau intermediate annealing thiab tiav cov khoom annealing nyob rau hauv domestic txhuas ua. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv khib nyiab ntawm lub qhov cub annealing feem ntau tsis kho thiab tso tawm ncaj qha.
quenching nyob rau hauv ib qho cua quenching rauv feem ntau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Yog tias quenching tau ua tiav hauv lub qhov cub ntsev da dej (saltpeter), tom qab quenching, cov kua qaub thiab alkali txheej txheem pov tseg cov pa roj thiab cov kua qaub thiab cov kua alkali uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem etching yog ncaj qha tawm, uas yuav ua rau qee yam kuab paug rau ib puag ncig.
3. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem nyob rau hauv dov ntawm coated aluminium coils
Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv tshuab, dov roj tau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv coated aluminium coils. Ib qho yog high-viscosity dov roj rau qis-ceev dov, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov roj hauv paus (feem ntau yog No. 20 industrial oil) thiab additives (feem ntau yog turbine roj, high-speed engine roj, kerosene, thiab lwm yam). Lwm qhov yog cov roj viscosity qis rau kev kub ceev dov, uas tseem muaj cov roj hauv paus thiab cov khoom ntxiv. Tam sim no, kerosene tau raug kho kom zoo dua li cov roj viscosity qis. Cov additives feem ntau yog cawv, roj thiab fatty acids. Vim muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm cov menyuam thiab cov ntawv ci thaum lub sij hawm dov, ntau cov hmoov txhuas yog tsim, uas ua rau cov roj dov dub thiab ua rau cov roj dov, yog li yuav tsum muaj kev lim dej puv nkaus. Tab sis nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg tom qab ncav cuag ib theem. Kev tso tawm ncaj qha yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug loj rau ib puag ncig. Roj pos huab kuj yuav raug tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm dov, tab sis cov roj pos huab concentration yog tsawg, nyob rau hauv qis dua 30mg•m-3. Yog li ntawd, cov roj pos huab tsim thaum lub sij hawm dov ntawm coated aluminium coils feem ntau tsis kho thiab ncaj qha tawm.
4. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem
Raws li cov dej khib nyiab tau tawm mus rau hauv lub cev dej thiab cov khoom siv khib nyiab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw, cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov pa phem nkag mus rau hauv dej, av thiab cov qoob loo los ntawm ntau txoj kev sib txawv, thiab nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev ua pa thiab tawv nqaij, ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab cuam tshuam rau ecological ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg noj qab haus huv.
Cov roj ntab saum npoo dej yuav cais cov huab cua, txo cov pa oxygen hauv dej, ua raws li qhov chaw thiab ua pa ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej, thiab tua lawv. Cov roj tso rau hauv qab ntawm cov dej yuav tsim cov tshuaj lom hydrogen sulfide tom qab anaerobic decomposition.
Thaum dej qias neeg los ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali, nws tus nqi pH yuav hloov. Yog tias tus nqi pH siab tshaj li ntawm 6.5 ~ 8.5, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntxuav tus kheej ntawm lub cev dej thiab cuam tshuam rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej.
Qhov hnyav dua cov kuab paug organic, cov pa oxygen ntau dua tau siv hauv dej, ua rau cov ntsiab lus oxygen yaj hauv dej txo qis, cuam tshuam rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov ntses, thiab tseem ua rau lub cev dej "eutrophic".
Sulfur dioxide yog qhov khaus heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws edema yog tias nqus tau ntau heev. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws tau qhia tias thaum qhov nruab nrab qhov siab tshaj 50 mg•m-3, cov neeg uas raug cov pa ntau dua tuaj yeem raug mob los ntawm rhinitis, hniav erosion, thiab cov kab mob tsis zoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua phem rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov tsev, cov khoom siv hlau, kev ua liaj ua teb, hav zoov thiab cov khoom hauv dej. Sulfur dioxide kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tsim cov kua qaub nag.
Ntawm cov nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide yog cov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws. Nws feem ntau ua rau tib neeg ua pa hauv nruab nrog cev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau pulmonary edema. Kev tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov siab tshaj 9 mg•m-3 tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws puas thiab los ntshav. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua phem rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, nitrogen oxides hnov mob nrog hydrocarbon tebchaw los tsim photochemical smog. Qhuav deposition nrog sulfur dioxide yuav ua rau acidification ntawm dej lub cev thiab av, thiab kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshuaj uas tsim acid los nag.
Cov tshuaj chlorine yog ib qho roj ntsha uas ua rau ua rau lub ntsws ua pa thiab ua pa bronchial mucosa ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ua rau mob ntev thiab mob hnyav. High concentrations yuav ua rau pulmonary edema. Thaum cov concentration yog 0.11 ~ 6.56mg•m3, qhov tshwm sim ntawm bronchitis, mob rhinitis thiab pharyngitis nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua hauj lwm raug mob yog siab.
Hydrogen chloride yog cov pa roj uas ua rau mob hnyav heev uas feem ntau ua rau tib neeg lub cev raug mob los ntawm txoj kev ua pa thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntev thiab mob hnyav. Thaum cov concentration siab tshaj 3.4 ~ 21mg.m3, feem ntau cov neeg ua hauj lwm raug yuav muaj mucosal irritation thiab hniav yaig.
Lub sij hawm ntev nqus ntawm aluminium compound hmoov av los ntawm tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws txhuas. Thaum cov concentration siab dua 4mg.m-3, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raug pom zoo yuav muaj kev txhim kho lub ntsws wrinkles.
