Electrolytic aluminium
Electrolytic aluminium yog txhuas tau los ntawm electrolysis. Niaj hnub nimno electrolytic aluminium industrial ntau lawm txais yuav cryolite - alumina molten ntsev electrolysis txoj kev. Molten cryolite yog cov kuab tshuaj, alumina yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, cov pa roj carbon lub cev yog siv los ua cov anode, thiab cov kua txhuas txhuas yog siv los ua cathode. Ob leeg electrolysis.
Suav lub npe Electrolytic aluminium
Qhov tseem ceeb aluminium tau los ntawm electrolysis
Txoj kev Cryolite - alumina molten ntsev electrolysis
Qhov ntsuas kub xav tau 950degree - 970degree
Kev lag luam niaj hnub
Alumina yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, lub cev carbon yog siv los ua cov anode, thiab cov kua txhuas yog siv los ua cathode. Tom qab siv zog ncaj qha tam sim no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical yog nqa tawm ntawm ob tug ncej hauv electrolytic cell ntawm 950.degree - 970degreeyog, electrolysis.
Aluminium electrolysis ntau lawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: sab - ntxig anode pas nrig tus kheej - ci tank, sab saum toj - ntxig anode pas nrig tus kheej - ci tank thiab ua ntej - ci anode tank.
Tus kheej - ci tank tsim electrolytic aluminium technology muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim, siv sijhawm luv luv thiab kev nqis peev tsawg, tab sis nws nyuaj rau kev cuam tshuam nrog cov roj flue, muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig, kev siv tshuab nyuaj, kev siv zog siab, tsis yooj yim rau loj - nplai. , cov zis qis ib lub tank, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev tsis txaus uas tau kov yeej tau raug tshem tawm tam sim no.
Tam sim no, feem ntau lub teb chaws thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv ntiaj teb tau siv loj - nplai ua ntej - ci tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub zog tam sim no ntawm lub tank yog qhov loj heev, uas tsis tsuas yog muaj qib siab ntawm automation, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab cov khoom siv siab rau ib lub tank, tab sis kuj ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
kuv lub teb chaws tau ua tiav cov kev sim thiab industrialization ntawm 180kA, 280kA thiab 320kA niaj hnub ua ntej - ci tanks. Kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev tsim khoom nce thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej - baking tank ntau lawm tshuab ua ntej - ci tank, thiab ua tiav zoo.
Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm electrolytic aluminium, cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm electrolytic aluminium yog kwv yees li ntawm cov hauv qab no:
(1) Cov ntaub ntawv raw: alumina, cryolite, aluminium fluoride, additives (calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, thiab lwm yam), cov ntaub ntawv anode;
(2) Cov nqi hluav taws xob: hluav taws xob (ncaj tam tam sim no thiab alternating tam sim no), roj roj;
(3) Cov nqi ua haujlwm: cov nyiaj ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev tswj hwm;
(4) Lwm cov nuj nqis: cov khoom siv poob thiab kev poob qis, kev siv nyiaj txiag, nqi tsheb thauj mus los, se, thiab lwm yam.
Txheej txheem khiav
Aluminium electrolysis txheej txheem: niaj hnub txhuas kev lag luam kev lag luam ntau lawm txais cryolite - alumina molten ntsev electrolysis txoj kev. Molten cryolite yog cov kuab tshuaj, alumina yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, cov pa roj carbon lub cev yog siv los ua cov anode, thiab cov kua txhuas txhuas yog siv los ua cathode. Qhov ntawd yog electrolysis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qhov sib npaug: 2Al2O3 + 3C==4Al + 3CO2. Lub cev muaj zog: 2O2ˉ + C - 4eˉ=CO2↑Cathode: Al3 + 3eˉ=Al. Cov khoom siv anode feem ntau yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas muaj qee yam ntawm cov pa phem xws li hydrogen fluoride thiab hmoov av. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, cov roj anode yuav tsum tau ua kom huv thiab tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw tom qab tshem tawm cov pa phem thiab plua plav. Cov khoom cathode yog molten aluminium, uas yog muab rho tawm los ntawm lub tank los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ladle thiab xa mus rau lub foundry. Tom qab purification thiab clarification nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub tuav, nws yog cam khwb cia rau hauv txhuas ingots los yog ncaj qha ua rau cov hlau billets thiab profiles.
Nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntws yog raws li nram no:
Alumina Fluoride ntsev Carbon Anode DC
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Cov pa roj anode - - - - - - electrolyzer
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Cov pa roj←Gas purification kua txhuas
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Rov qab cov tshuaj fluoride, purification thiab nthuav
↓ ↓ ↓
Rov qab mus rau lub electrolyzer
Pouring Rolling lossis Casting
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Aluminium ingots Hlau billets los yog profiles
Kev sib npaug:
Electrolytic aluminium yog txhuas tau los ntawm electrolysis.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau mus los ntawm qhov sib npaug: 2Al2O3 + 3C - energized→4Al+ 3CO2.
Lub cev muaj zog: 2O2ˉ + C - 4eˉ=CO2↑
Cathode: Al3 + + 3eˉ=Al
Qhov tseeb technology
Lub zog tshiab - txuag thev naus laus zis ntawm electrolytic aluminium tawm, thiab kev lag luam txuag 27.5 billion kWh ntawm hluav taws xob txhua xyoo.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 17, 2012, Tuam Tshoj' kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium ua ib qho tshiab hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emission." Tsawg - kub thiab qis - voltage aluminium electrolysis tshiab tshuab" ntse dhau qhov kev lees paub ntawm Ministry of Science thiab Technology hauv Tuam Tshoj Aluminium thiab Lub Tuam Txhab Hluav Taws Xob rau tib hnub. Nws tau poob mus rau 11819 degrees, poob ntawm 10.7 %, thiab ntau lub thev naus laus zis tau mus txog qib thoob ntiaj teb. Yog tias tag nrho kev lag luam raug txhawb, kev txuag hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm kuv lub teb chaws' s electrolytic aluminium kev lag luam yuav yog 27.5 billion kwh.
Tom qab ntau tshaj 30 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium tau maj mam dhau los ua kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv Suav teb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, nws ib txwm raug hu ua" siab zog - kev lag luam siv" thiab tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb uas tswj los ntawm lub xeev. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm qis - kub thiab qis - voltage tshiab technologies yog txoj kev loj hlob kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog txuag thiab kev txo nqi nyob rau hauv lub electrolytic aluminium kev lag luam, thiab nws kuj yog ib tug loj technical teeb meem ntsib los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no txhuas kev lag luam.
Xyoo 2009," tsis tshua muaj kub thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob txhuas electrolysis tshiab thev naus laus zis" tau suav nrog hauv National Science thiab Technology Support Plan Project. Tus thawj coj Liang Xuemin thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij hauv pab pawg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua kom ua tiav cov tshuab electromagnetic thiab sib nqus dej ruaj khov, tsis tshua muaj - kub thiab qis - voltage electrolytic cell qauv, thiab qis - kub thiab qis - voltage txheej txheem ua haujlwm tshuab thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb no. Ntiaj teb's ua 400KA" zoo li qub ntws" aluminium electrolytic cell tau pom tau hais tias loj - scale industrial ntau lawm thiab ib tug series ntawm high - efficiency thiab ruaj khov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qis kub, tsis tshua muaj voltage thiab ntev lub voj voog nyob rau hauv siab tam sim no ceev.
Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, raws li kev kwv yees kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntawm electrolytic aluminium hauv 2012 ntawm 20 lab tons, tom qab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no hauv kev lag luam tag nrho, kev txuag hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm kuv lub teb chaws' s electrolytic aluminium kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua tiav 27.5 billion kWh, uas yog sib npaug rau 265.9 billion kWh ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hauv Henan Xeev hauv xyoo 2011. Ntau tshaj 10% ntawm lub sijhawm, suav ntawm 0.53 yuan ib kWh, ncaj qha tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm 14.575 billion yuan, sib npaug rau 8.8 lab tons ntawm cov qauv thee, thiab txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab lwm cov pa tawm hauv tsev cog khoom los ntawm 15.66 lab tons, uas yuav txhawb nqa kev lag luam txhuas thiab kuv lub teb chaws's zog txuag thiab txo. Lub platoon ua haujlwm tau ua tus qauv zoo thiab ua lub luag haujlwm.
Kev lag luam yam ntxwv
Txhua txhuas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog tsim los ntawm electrolysis. Kev tsim khoom ntawm txhuas electrolysis txais yuav Hall - Elu cryolite - alumina molten ntsev electrolysis txoj kev, uas yog, lub cryolite - raws li fluoride ntsev yog siv los ua cov flux, thiab cov alumina yog siv los ua cov yaj los ua ntau - theem electrolyte system. . Ntawm lawv, Na2AlF6 - Al2O3 binary system thiab Na3AlF6 - AlF3 - Al2O3 ternary system yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam electrolytes. Kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab yog kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab kev lag luam muaj kuab paug siab. Cov pa khib nyiab tawm los ntawm electrolytic aluminium ntau lawm yog CO2, thiab roj - khoom fluoride tsuas yog tsim los ntawm HF roj. CO2 yog lub tsev cog khoom roj thiab yog lub ntsiab ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov sov. Cov nyhuv tsev cog khoom ntawm CF4 thiab C2F6 hauv fluoride yog 6,500 - 10,000 npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, thiab yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau txheej txheej ozone. HF yog cov pa phem heev uas nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis ua pa, thiab tsuas yog 1.5g tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Muaj teeb meem
Qhov kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag yog qhov tsis zoo. Vim lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv - qhov tob txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj' s loj - scale txhuas electrolytic hlwb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntau lawm yog obviously tsis txaus, uas ua rau ib tug loj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau lawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub lag luam tiag tiag indicators, As thoob ntiaj teb advanced qib. Feem ntau ntawm lawv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw loj thiab kab sib chaws me me, thiab muaj ntau yam kev phom sij zais. Kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm txhuas thiab hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm electrolytic aluminium lag luam hauv Suav teb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, muaj cov teeb meem sib xws hauv kev siv tshuab. Txij li thaum loj - muaj peev xwm electrolyzers yog feem ntau loj nyob rau hauv nplai (ib tug series yuav ua tau ntau tshaj 200, 000 tons), thiab cov hluav taws xob loj load yog concentrated rau ib tug ntau lawm series (feem ntau ntau tshaj 400, 000 KW. ), txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob lossis tus kheej - muab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua, thiab txawm tias muaj kev hem thawj rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Tsis muaj" zoo tsim" thev naus laus zis thiab kev ntsuas kev ntsuas los txhim kho lub neej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes raws li kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov cai ntawm cathode kev puas tsuaj, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau electrolytic cell kom ncav cuag lub neej tsim thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum ntxov yog siab. Teeb meem cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm Loj - scale Electric Cells nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm cathode carbon cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav hais tias nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, kuj tseem muaj ib co teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm electrolytic hlwb, rauv cov ntaub ntawv siv, lub cub tawg siv zoo, roasting pib - li. , kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub thiab kev tswj xyuas ntau lawm. . Qhov sib sib zog nqus - zaum yog vim li cas rau cov teeb meem no yog tias Tuam Tshoj tseem tsis muaj nyob rau hauv - kev nkag siab tob txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov cai ntawm txhuas electrolytic cell puas (feem ntau hu ua cathode puas), nrog rau" zoo tsim" thev naus laus zis thiab kev ntsuas kev ntsuas los txhim kho lub neej ntawm tes raws li qhov no. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm electrolytic cell tsis tu ncua, qhov teeb meem ntawm lub neej ntawm tes ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Tsis muaj kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm siab heev, cov nqi khiav lag luam siab. Tuam Tshoj's 300KA chav kawm super - loj ua ntej - ci txhuas electrolytic hlwb tau muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam thov rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Thiab tsis tuaj yeem luam tag nrho cov kev paub dhau los hauv qhov loj ua ntej - ci tso tsheb hlau luam (cov kev paub dhau los no kuj muaj kev txwv loj). Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis sib xws tam sim no thaum lub sij hawm roasting pib - nce txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub zog noj thaum lub sij hawm roasting pib - nce txheej txheem yog loj; lub cev (hluav taws xob teb, magnetic teb, ndlwg teb) ntawm electrolytic cell tom qab muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam yog ib qho yooj yim mus hloov, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tswj kom thermal tshuav nyiaj li cas; Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev hloov pauv vim kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thiab nws nyuaj rau kev tua tom qab cov nyhuv anode tshwm sim, thiab vim qhov loj inertia ntawm cov electrolytic cell, thaum lub cell hloov pauv los yog lub cell mob txawv txav, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau sai sai. rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Raws li tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm electrolytic aluminium hauv Suav teb muaj kev txhawj xeeb, kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob zoo yog li 15 % qis dua qib siab thoob ntiaj teb, feem ntau yog raws li hauv qab no: qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm tam sim no yog 2 - 3 feem pua cov ntsiab lus; Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog hais txog 3Gj / t; qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv electrolytic aluminium anode yog 30 - 60Kg (sib npaug li 75 - 150Kg ntawm cov qauv thee); qhov sib txawv ntawm lub neej ntawm tes yog li 1000 hnub; lub thoob ntiaj teb advanced anode nyhuv coefficient yog 0.1 zaug / hnub. Hauv qab ntawm tes, Qib zoo tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.3 zaug / hnub.
Tshaj dhau
Txij li xyoo 2002, Tuam Tshoj' kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium tau muaj qhov seem ntawm electrolytic aluminium ntau lawm. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev poob qis hauv kev xav tau los ntawm kev lag luam hauv qab, Tuam Tshoj' cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic aluminium nyob rau xyoo 2008 yuav tsum ncav cuag 500,000 tons. Kev loj hlob ntawm electrolytic aluminium xav tau qeeb. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov los ntawm cov vaj tsev thiab kev lag luam tsheb tau poob qis, thaum qhov kev thov los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kev lag luam tau tuav txoj kev loj hlob sai. Qhov kev thov rau electrolytic aluminium hauv kev lag luam ntim tau nyob ruaj khov. Xyoo 2008 Qhov kev loj hlob ntawm electrolytic aluminium xav tau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 %. Tuam Tshoj' s bauxite cov peev txheej tsis tshua muaj, thiab cov peev txheej bauxite tsuas tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lwm 10 xyoo, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo nthuav dav ntawm electrolytic aluminium kev lag luam los ntawm 20%. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm electrolytic aluminium yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 15, 000 yuan / ton thiab 17,500 yuan / ton, thaum tus nqi ntawm electrolytic aluminium tsuas yog 13,400 yuan / ton, thiab kev lag luam tau poob loj. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tau poob ntxiv, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm Suav electrolytic aluminium lag luam kuj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 15, 000 yuan, yog li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nqi txhuas poob qis heev. Nyob ib ncig ntawm Lub Rau Hli 2009, tus nqi txhuas yuav rov qab mus rau 15,{21}} yuan/ton.
Thaum cov nqi hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, lub ntiaj teb' cov tuam txhab loj txhuas tau pib txo tus nqi ntawm electrolytic aluminium ntau lawm hauv txhua yam los xyuas kom meej tus nqi sib tw ntawm txhuas ntau lawm. Los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov kev cai hauv tsev, lub teb chaws muaj txoj cai tswj hwm kev lag luam txhuas kom ua tau raws li kev thov hauv tsev, thiab yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cai rau siab - precision khoom thiab qis - tech khoom. Yog li ntawd, tuav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev thauj mus los, hluav taws xob fais fab, ntim khoom, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, thiab nquag qhia cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, kev txhim kho cov peev txheej thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom tau dhau los ua cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab aluminium tam sim no.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv daws qhov overcapacity ntawm electrolytic aluminium
Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov nyuam qhuav tshaj tawm" Qhia Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev daws teeb meem hnyav dhau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb" hereinafter hu ua" Qhia Kev Xav", cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Kev Lag Luam Kev Pom Zoo Network ntseeg tias kev siv txoj cai thiab kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum muaj zog ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau&txoj cai, thiab siv zog los daws qhov overcapacity ntawm electrolytic aluminium. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no.
Ntawm qhov chaw muab khoom, nws tau hais tias ntau lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj me ntsis txo cov peev txheej ntawm electrolytic aluminium. Tshwj xeeb, kev hloov kho ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nrawm kom tshem tawm cov impulse kom nthuav dav ntau lawm.
Ua ntej, tus" Qhia Kev Xav" yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis," nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub tsim tshiab tsim peev xwm tej yaam num"," ntxuav thiab kho qhov kev tsim kho ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis raug cai"," tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm cov peev txheej tsim tawm tsis tu ncua", thiab qhia tias kev ua txhaum cai tuaj yeem daws tau. Cov nyiaj nplua raug them rau kev tsim cov peev txheej tsim tau los tsim cov peev nyiaj rau kev tshem tawm cov peev txheej tsim tawm tsis tu ncua, thiab cov cai tshwj xeeb txhawb nqa tau raug qhia rau kev tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm cov peev txheej tsim tawm raws li kev pab nyiaj txiag, kev hloov pauv kev lag luam, thiab kev tso cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Thib ob, tshem tawm txoj cai txwv tsis pub muaj txiaj ntsig, ua raws li" kev koom ua ke ntawm ib pab pawg", thiab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke thiab rov tsim cov lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev nkag mus rau qhov ceev zam / ceev tshuaj xyuas channel rau cov lag luam tseem ceeb, kev kawm ntxiv thiab txo tus nqi ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev yuav khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab teev npe hauv tib qhov kev lag luam; nws raug pom zoo los kho txoj cai fais fab kom tso cai rau cov tuam txhab ua lag luam los tsim lossis nqus cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm los muab hluav taws xob pheej yig rau lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic aluminium; nws raug pom zoo kom nce kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag, kev sau se thiab lwm yam, txhawb cov tuam txhab ua lag luam uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, thiab txhawb nqa hla - hauv cheeb tsam, hla - kev lag luam, thiab hla - tswv cuab kev tsim kho kev lag luam.
Thib peb, sib npaug ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam, ua kom cov kev hloov kho hluav taws xob sai, thiab tshem tawm qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig loj. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, lub zog siab - kev lag luam noj xws li electrolytic aluminium muaj qhov nyiam thiab xav tau hloov mus rau lub zog - nplua nuj thaj tsam sab hnub poob xws li Xinjiang, tab sis nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv thiab nruab nrab, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm cov cheeb tsam yuav tsum muaj. cov txheej txheem maj mam, thiab txiav txim siab txog kev thauj mus los thiab peev txheej thiab ib puag ncig, kev tsim muaj peev xwm nthuav dav hauv Xinjiang thiab lwm thaj chaw sab hnub poob vim tias cov nqi hluav taws xob nyiam yuav tsum tsis txhob ua los ntawm leaps thiab ciam teb. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kev ntsuas kom sib npaug ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam thiab ua kom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teb chaws kab sib chaws. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog thawj zaug rau kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab daim phiaj kev sib txuas cov nqi kev pabcuam tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke rau 1 xees rau 3 xees thoob tebchaws, lossis tso cai rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lub zog xa hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob los ntawm txoj cai vim li cas, thiab tshem tawm qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau tshaj nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob xws li Xinjiang, yog li txwv tsis pub lub zog los nqis peev hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab ua kom cov lag luam yeem tso tseg. tsim tshiab muaj peev xwm.
Ntawm qhov kev thov sab nraud, raws li qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev thov sab nraud sluggish thiab escalating kev sib txhuam kev lag luam, nws yog pom zoo kom nce domestic thov rau txhuas los ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab khaws cia, nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov, thiab lwm yam, zoo" digesting ib batch", thiab kev txhim kho theem ua ntawm txhuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev siv technology tshiab, kom tau txais ntau dua rov qab. Ib qho yog kom tsim nyog nce lub teb chaws' s reserves ntawm txhuas. Lub teb chaws' kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab kev cia khoom thaum tus nqi txhuas tam sim no tau nce qis tshiab hauv ob xyoos tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau kev zom ib feem ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom, txhawb kev khaws cia thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov cuab tam, tab sis kuj tsim kev lag luam kev ntseeg siab. Qhov thib ob yog txhawm rau nce R& D thiab kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag thiab kev them se, thiab nquag nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntawm txhuas. Qhov thib peb yog kom nquag siv zog los txhim kho qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm kuv lub teb chaws' cov ntaub ntawv txhuas thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.
Supply thiab xav tau qhov xwm txheej
Lub ntiaj teb no cov khoom ntawm electrolytic aluminium tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua, thiab kev tsav tsheb rau kev nce hauv kev tsim khoom tseem tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Hauv 2005, lub ntiaj teb' s electrolytic aluminium tso zis yog 31.91 lab tons, nce 6.45 % xyoo - ntawm - xyoo, ntawm uas Tuam Tshoj' cov zis yog 7.67 lab tons, ib xyoo - ntawm - xyoo nce ntawm 15.07%. Nyob rau hauv 2006, lub ntiaj teb no zus tau tej cov electrolytic txhuas mus txog 33.8 lab tons. Nyob rau lub Rau Hli 2006, lub ntiaj teb cov khoom nruab nrab txhua hnub (tsis suav nrog Tuam Tshoj) yog 82,200 tons, nce ntawm 700 tons piv nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub tso tawm hauv lub Tsib Hlis, thiab ib hlis - ntawm - lub hlis nce ntawm 0.09%. Cov zis hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntawm electrolytic aluminium nyob rau lub Rau Hli yog 780,300 tons, thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub tso tawm ntawm electrolytic aluminium yog 26,{29}} tons, nce ntawm 1,975 tons piv nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub tso tawm nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis, ib hlis - ntawm - lub hlis. nce 7.59%. Tuam Tshoj tseem yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev nce hauv ntiaj teb electrolytic aluminium ntau lawm. Txij li Tuam Tshoj' cov nyiaj ntau lawm rau 24.9% ntawm kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb, kev hloov pauv ntawm Tuam Tshoj' s ntau lawm tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv ntiaj teb electrolytic aluminium mov. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj' s electrolytic txhuas kev lag luam tau txiav txim siab tias Tuam Tshoj' s domestic electrolytic aluminium mov ib txwm muaj kuj muaj. Hauv xyoo 2005, qhov nruab nrab muaj peev xwm ntawm electrolytic aluminium yog 10.7 lab tons, thiab qhov peev xwm siv tau yog 75 %. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev nyob rau lub Rau Hli, Tuam Tshoj' lub peev xwm tsim tau raug tso tawm rau qee yam. . Tuam Tshoj tau tsim 11 txoj haujlwm electrolytic aluminium nrog tag nrho kev tsim kho muaj peev xwm ntawm 1.12 lab tons, thiab tseem muaj 10 cov phiaj xwm electrolytic aluminium nrog tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm 1.4 lab tons. Lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm electrolytic aluminium mus txog 11.6 lab tons hauv 2006 thiab 12.5 lab tons hauv 2007. Cov txheej txheem electrolytic aluminium yog yooj yim, cov ntsiab lus kev siv tsawg, lub sij hawm tsim kho yog luv, thiab muaj peev txheej txaus. Nws tsuas yog siv sijhawm 9 lub hlis txij thaum pib tsim kho kom tiav thiab tsim khoom.
Lub peev xwm ntawm alumina ntau lawm ntawm kev lag luam sab saud ntawm electrolytic aluminium tau nthuav dav sai, thiab cov saw hlau tau txuas ntxiv mus rau kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium, uas tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm electrolytic aluminium muaj peev xwm. Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob theem ntawm electrolytic aluminium kev lag luam txiav txim siab tias kev loj hlob ntau lawm yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Kev sib tw, kev tsim kho thiab kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev lag luam ntawm electrolytic aluminium cov lag luam, kev nthuav dav ntxiv, thiab kev lag luam ntau ntxiv yuav txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov peev txheej ntau lawm. Cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium yog cov neeg siv khoom txhuas. Kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj' kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam hauv nroog ntawm Tuam Tshoj' s infrastructure, kev siv pej xeem, vaj tse thiab tsheb thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau txhawb nqa Tuam Tshoj' s electrolytic aluminium noj thov. Kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab kev loj hlob, kev lag luam muaj sia nyob qhov haum tshaj plaws, thiab kev lag luam concentration tseem nce ntxiv. Los ntawm 2003 mus rau 2005, tag nrho cov zis ntawm electrolytic aluminium nce los ntawm 5.54 lab tons mus rau 7.67 lab tons, nce ntawm 2.13 lab tons, uas tsuas yog saum kaum electrolytic aluminium nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Suav teb tau nce 910,000 tons. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tuam txhab tau txo qis los ntawm 141 mus rau 95, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntau lawm ntawm ib qho chaw tsim khoom tau nce los ntawm 39,{16}} tons hauv xyoo 2003 txog 80,{19}} tons hauv xyoo 2005.
Kev lag luam tsom xam
Txij Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2012, Tuam Tshoj' thawj cov khoom lag luam txhuas yog 18.15 lab tons, uas qhia txog kev poob qis me ntsis xyoo - ntawm - xyoo. Qhov xwm txheej hnyav dhau los tau yooj yim. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Hli, kev lag luam' lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm cov peev txheej tsim tawm ntawm 270,000 tons tau ua tiav ntau tshaj li ib nrab.
Nyob rau theem no, cov lag luam electrolytic aluminium yuav tsum zam qhov muag tsis pom kev nthuav dav ntau lawm, hloov cov khoom lag luam zoo rau hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab siv cov peev txheej uas twb muaj lawm los ua ke cov thee fais fab, smelting, thiab kev ua tiav raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom qub los tsim kom tiav cov saw hlau thiab nthuav dav. ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nws tau dhau los ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov lag luam electrolytic aluminium kom loj dua, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tsim khoom, thiab ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Tom qab ntau tshaj 70 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev lag luam electrolytic aluminium nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj Tshiab tau ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam, tab sis nws kuj ntsib ntau yam kev cov nyom thiab cov teeb meem, uas yuav tsum tau daws kom zoo, txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsis haum rau txoj kev loj hlob tom ntej.
overcapacity
Raws li qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 2013, Tuam Tshoj' thawj cov khoom siv txhuas muaj peev xwm tau tshaj 32, 000kt/a, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kho rau txawv teb chaws rau mine bauxite, extract alumina thiab tsim txhuas. ingots rau remelting nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas kuj nplua nuj kev pab thiab lub zog. Kev sib koom ua lag luam lossis ib tus tswv lag luam xa cov khoom tau rov qab mus rau lub tebchaws. Tus nqi ntawm txhuas thiab txhuas cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau xa tawm los ntawm 2020 yog ua tiav nrog cov khoom lag luam aluminium ingots rau remelting, tsis sib npaug rau cov khoom siv txhuas (bauxite, alumina, seem aluminium). Los ntawm 2030, txog 50 % ntawm cov remelting aluminium ingots rau domestic pom meej noj yuav raug imported. Cov tswv yim ntawm Nyiv, Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Taiwan cheeb tsam los txhim kho thawj qhov kev lag luam aluminium electrolysis yog tsim nyog kawm los ntawm, nrog rau cov kev coj ua ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.
Kev tawm mus tsim cov peev txheej aluminium yog qhov txaus ntshai. Hauv qee qhov chaw, qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem muaj siab heev. Tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog" them tus nqi kawm ntawv". Cov nqi kawm ntawv yuav raug zam tsis tau, thiab siv zog them tsawg dua. Tam sim no, Nyiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws tau kaw tag nrho cov khoom siv txhuas hauv tsev (Nyiv kuj tseem khaws cov Urahara aluminium cog nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 15kt / a, uas siv lub zog ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb me me ntawm Mount Fuji. Lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab tau tsim. los ntawm ib qho kev cog qoob loo, cov nroj tsuag aluminium yuav siv txoj kev sib cais kom rho tawm siab - purity aluminium kom txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig), thiab hauv 30 xyoo dhau los, kev tsim cov txhuas txhuas hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho xws li Tebchaws Meskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau muaj. txo. Cov zis ntawm thawj aluminium hauv Suav teb tau poob qis me ntsis, thaum cov khoom lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws tau nce ntau dua 35 %.
Hauv 2021, lub ntiaj teb' s per capita txhuas noj (xam los ntawm 7 billion tus neeg, thawj aluminium noj ntawm 51,400kt) yog 7.34 kg / neeg, thiab Tuam Tshoj' s per capita txhuas noj ( xam los ntawm 1.35 billion tus neeg, thawj aluminium noj ntawm 25,500kt) yog 18.89 kg / tus neeg, tau deb tshaj lub ntiaj teb no qhov nruab nrab noj, uas yog 2.57 npaug, thiab yog ze rau 21.4 kg / neeg ntawm industrially tsim lub teb chaws. Peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tam sim no yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab ua kom ntau li ntau tau nrog cov khoom siv tsawg tsawg li sai tau. Cov nplai hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob nthuav dav ntxiv lawm, thiab kev ntsuas ntawm" txo qis sab hnub tuaj thiab ua rau sab hnub poob, thiab txo qhov hluav taws kub thiab nce dej" tuaj yeem txais yuav.
Kev sib tw
Txawm hais tias lub peev xwm tank ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag electrolytic aluminium hauv Suav teb tau ntes tau los yog dhau lub ntiaj teb' tus thawj coj, cov kev qhia thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov hom tank zoo sib xws tseem yuav tsum tau txhim kho piv nrog cov qib siab txawv teb chaws.
Tam sim no, anode nyhuv coefficient ntawm electrolytic hlwb ntawm electrolytic txhuas nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog kuj siab; lub zog noj ib tuj ntawm txhuas yog siab dua li ntawm cov European ua theem; lub neej nruab nrab ntawm tes feem ntau luv dua; qhov tam sim no efficiency ntawm txawv teb chaws theem tau mus txog 96%, thaum ntau tshaj 75% ntawm Tuam Tshoj' s Tam sim no efficiency ntawm lub tuam txhab tsuas yog 92.5 % - 93.5%, thiab kev suav ntawm cov rectification efficiency ntawm ib tug txiav txim siab ntawm factories yog tsawg; nyob rau hauv tib lub zog noj tej yam kev mob, lub anode tam sim no ceev ntawm Suav electrolyzers yog tsim los tsuas yog 0.7 - 0.735A/cm2. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov tso zis ib cheeb tsam ntawm tib lub cell electrolytic yog tsawg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ib lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj Aluminium Electrolysis yog ua kom cov zis ntau tshaj ib chav tsev ntawm cov electrolytic cell.
Tuam Tshoj' txoj kev loj hlob tam sim no ntawm electrolytic aluminium kev lag luam kuj muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li kev nqis peev tsawg rau ib chav tsev khoom ntawm electrolytic aluminium nroj tsuag, uas yog hais txog 1/3 ntawm cov teb chaws tsim industrially; tus nqi ua haujlwm qis, uas yog 1/5 - 1/2 ntawm cov nqi ua haujlwm sib thooj hauv thawj tus nqi txhuas ntawm cov teb chaws tsim kho. 4. Cov kev cai tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tsawg, yog li kev nqis peev hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kuj tseem tsawg, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj. Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm los nce peev hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Ntau txhiab tus kev txuag, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tsis tuaj yeem txuag tau, cov qauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau tsa, thiab cov uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv yuav tsum raug kaw, thiab cov qauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav tsum dhau los ua cov kab hluav taws xob siab -.
